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Kiss of death (mafia)
The kiss of death (Italian: ''Il bacio della morte'') is the sign given by a mafioso boss or capo that signifies that a member of the crime family has been marked for death, usually as a result of some perceived betrayal. However much is based on fact and however much on the imagination of authors, it remains a cultural meme〔, originally published in 1998.〕〔Metaphorically, it has come to mean anything that is a forerunner of failure or termination, or something that causes a future failure. 〕 and appears in literature and films. Illustrative is the scene in the film ''The Valachi Papers'' when Vito Genovese (Lino Ventura) gives the kiss of death to Joe Valachi (Charles Bronson) to inform him that his betrayal of "the family" is known, and that he will be executed.
The "kiss" has also been used as a terror tactic to aid in extortion or debt collection by reducing ''victims'' to a state of panic where they will commit to anything to save their lives.〔
==Origin==
The exact origin is unknown, but an Italian source identifies the ''bacio della morte'' as the kiss given to the assassin delegated to "execute" a death sentence, as if to seal the solemn judgment and to wish success on the assignment. Some believe it refers to the kiss of Judas which was given to Jesus to betray him to the soldiers seeking him out. Its use goes back to at least the early 19th century in Sicily.〔''L'espresso'' (1979), in Italian, Volume 25, Issues 26-34, page 86〕
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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